Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) SLC Practice Exam

What is the definition of an infectious disease?

1. A disease that is easily spread from person to person

2. A disease resulting from an invasion of microorganisms

3. A condition that occurs when the immune system fails

4. A transient illness caused by toxins

The correct answer is: A disease resulting from an invasion of microorganisms

An infectious disease is defined as a disease resulting from the invasion of microorganisms, which can include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. These microorganisms can disrupt normal bodily functions and lead to various health issues. The key aspect of infectious diseases is the involvement of these pathogens entering the body and propagating, often leading to symptoms and illness. This definition encapsulates the process of how diseases are transmitted and the biological mechanisms behind them. Understanding this is crucial in the context of health and safety, as it underlines the importance of preventive measures, such as vaccinations and hygiene practices, to control the spread of infectious agents. The other choices highlight different aspects of health but do not accurately reflect the comprehensive definition of infectious diseases. For example, while some diseases can be easily spread from person to person, not all infectious diseases have this characteristic. Similarly, a condition caused by the immune system failing is better described as an autoimmune disease, and a transient illness due to toxins does not involve microorganisms per se, thus falling outside the definition of infectious diseases.